Content Moderation, Reporting and Appeals Policy

Last updated: 1 September 2026 · Effective: 1 September 2026 · Version 1.0

This Policy explains how Opinyn receives and reviews reports, moderates content and accounts, communicates decisions and handles appeals.

It forms part of the Opinyn Terms of Use and Community Guidelines.

The Service is operated by:

Jan Nik Jesenovec – Manumed s.p.

Kokošnje 13

1233 Dob

Slovenia

Email: info@opinyn.com

Purpose

Opinyn is committed to maintaining a safe environment for sharing dilemmas, opinions and votes while respecting freedom of expression and other fundamental rights.

This Policy is intended to:

• provide accessible reporting mechanisms;
• enable users to report suspected violations;
• enable formal notification of allegedly illegal content;
• prioritise urgent safety matters;
• ensure consistent moderation;
• explain available enforcement measures;
• provide reasons for significant moderation decisions;
• allow eligible users to appeal;
• prevent misuse of reporting and appeal systems;
• maintain records necessary for safety, legal compliance and accountability.

Scope

This Policy applies to:

• user profiles;
• usernames and profile photographs;
• dilemmas and questions;
• answer options;
• photographs and videos;
• captions and descriptions;
• comments and replies;
• links;
• anonymous posts;
• votes and reactions;
• voting manipulation;
• reports and appeals;
• other activity conducted through Opinyn.

It applies whether content is public, anonymous, restricted or no longer publicly visible but retained for moderation or legal reasons.

Moderation sources

Opinyn may become aware of potentially prohibited content or behaviour through:

• user reports;
• reports from non-registered persons;
• formal illegal-content notices;
• automated detection systems;
• internal review;
• trusted flaggers or specialised organisations;
• competent authorities;
• court or administrative orders;
• credible external information;
• appeals or support requests.

A report does not automatically establish that a violation occurred.

Types of reports

Opinyn may receive the following types of reports.

4.1 COMMUNITY GUIDELINES REPORT

A report alleging that content or behaviour violates the Opinyn Community Guidelines.

4.2 ILLEGAL-CONTENT NOTICE

A notice alleging that specific content is illegal under European Union law or the law of an EU Member State.

4.3 INTELLECTUAL-PROPERTY COMPLAINT

A complaint alleging copyright, trademark or another intellectual-property infringement.

4.4 PRIVACY OR IMPERSONATION COMPLAINT

A complaint involving unauthorised disclosure of personal information, identity misuse, impersonation or non-consensual content.

4.5 CHILD-SAFETY REPORT

A report involving child sexual exploitation, grooming, sexualisation, abuse or serious endangerment of a minor.

4.6 IMMEDIATE-THREAT REPORT

A report involving a credible and imminent risk of death, serious physical injury, terrorism, suicide, self-harm or other emergency.

4.7 VOTING OR PLATFORM-MANIPULATION REPORT

A report involving bots, fake accounts, duplicate voting, coordinated manipulation, spam or misuse of Aura, ranks, badges or statistics.

How to submit a report

Users should normally report content or accounts through the reporting option available from the three-dot menu or another in-app reporting interface.

Reports may also be submitted to info@opinyn.com where:

• the reporting function is unavailable;
• the person does not have an Opinyn account;
• the report concerns illegal content;
• additional evidence is necessary;
• the report concerns a privacy, copyright or legal matter;
• another reporting channel is stated in the applicable policy.

A reporter should provide enough information for Opinyn to identify and assess the matter.

Reporting categories

The in-app reporting mechanism may include:

• Child Safety;
• Nudity or Sexual Content;
• Bullying or Harassment;
• Hate Speech or Hate Symbols;
• Violence or Dangerous Content;
• Spam, Scam or Misleading Information;
• False or Deceptive Information;
• Something Else.

Where “Something Else” is selected, the reporter should provide a clear description of:

• what happened;
• the content or account involved;
• why the content or conduct may violate the rules or applicable law;
• any relevant context.

Required information for illegal-content notices

A notice alleging illegal content should include:

• a sufficiently substantiated explanation of why the content is alleged to be illegal;
• identification of the relevant legal issue where reasonably possible;
• the exact electronic location of the content, such as a URL, post identifier, comment identifier or account identifier;
• additional information enabling Opinyn to identify the content;
• the name and email address of the notifying person or entity, except where applicable law permits or requires reporting without those details;
• a statement confirming the good-faith belief that the information is accurate and complete.

A notice concerning suspected offences involving child sexual abuse, exploitation or certain similar offences may be submitted without requiring the notifying person to identify themselves where applicable law provides for such protection.

Opinyn may request additional information if a notice does not contain enough information to identify or assess the allegedly illegal content.

Acknowledgement of reports

Where required by law and valid electronic contact information has been provided, Opinyn will acknowledge receipt of an illegal-content notice.

For ordinary in-app Community Guidelines reports, the application may display or send confirmation that the report was submitted.

Acknowledgement of a report does not mean that Opinyn agrees that a violation occurred.

Priority levels

Opinyn may assign reports to the following priority levels.

9.1 CRITICAL

Critical matters may include:

• suspected child sexual abuse material;
• grooming or sexual exploitation of a minor;
• credible imminent threats to life;
• active suicide or self-harm emergencies;
• credible terrorist threats;
• live or ongoing serious violence;
• human trafficking;
• immediate exposure of highly sensitive information creating a serious danger.

Critical reports will be escalated for urgent review as soon as reasonably possible.

9.2 HIGH PRIORITY

High-priority matters may include:

• credible but not necessarily imminent threats;
• non-consensual intimate content;
• sextortion;
• serious targeted harassment;
• stalking;
• disclosure of private information creating a substantial risk;
• violent extremist propaganda;
• severe hate speech;
• dangerous challenges;
• large-scale fraud or account compromise.

9.3 STANDARD

Standard matters may include:

• ordinary harassment;
• non-graphic sexual content;
• spam;
• impersonation without immediate danger;
• misleading information;
• potential copyright infringement;
• isolated violations without an urgent safety risk.

9.4 LOW PRIORITY OR INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION

This may include:

• unclear reports;
• duplicate reports;
• reports lacking enough information;
• minor disputes;
• content that appears unlikely to violate the rules;
• repeated reports already assessed without new information.

Priority may change when new information becomes available.

Target review times

Opinyn aims to review reports diligently and without undue delay.

Where operationally possible, Opinyn aims to:

• begin reviewing critical reports immediately or as soon as reasonably possible;
• review high-priority reports within 24 hours;
• review standard reports within seven days;
• review eligible appeals within 14 days.

These are operational targets and not guaranteed deadlines.

Time may vary depending on:

• report volume;
• complexity;
• availability of necessary information;
• language;
• need for specialist review;
• safety considerations;
• legal requirements;
• technical incidents;
• requests from authorities;
• circumstances outside Opinyn’s reasonable control.

Opinyn will not delay urgent protective action solely because a complete investigation has not yet finished.

Review process

A report may be assessed using:

• the reported content;
• surrounding conversation or context;
• account history;
• previous violations;
• relevant voting or technical activity;
• evidence submitted by the reporter;
• information provided by the affected user;
• automated indicators;
• applicable Community Guidelines;
• Terms of Use;
• applicable law;
• public-interest and fundamental-rights considerations.

Moderators should assess reports objectively and without discrimination.

Opinyn may consider whether content has legitimate:

• educational;
• documentary;
• journalistic;
• scientific;
• medical;
• artistic;
• historical;
• satirical;
• counterspeech;
• public-interest context.

A stated context does not automatically make harmful or illegal content permissible.

Possible decisions

After review, Opinyn may decide:

• no violation occurred;
• there is insufficient information;
• the content should remain available;
• a warning or informational label should be added;
• the content’s visibility should be reduced;
• the content should be age-restricted;
• comments or interactions should be limited;
• the content should be removed;
• an account feature should be restricted;
• artificial votes or engagement should be invalidated;
• Aura, ranks, badges or statistics should be corrected;
• the user should receive a warning;
• the account should be temporarily suspended;
• the account should be permanently terminated;
• replacement accounts should be prevented;
• the matter should be referred to an authority;
• evidence should be preserved;
• another proportionate action should be taken.

Proportionality

Except where immediate removal or restriction is required, Opinyn may consider:

• seriousness of the violation;
• actual or potential harm;
• intent;
• whether the conduct was repeated;
• previous violations;
• involvement of a minor;
• vulnerability of the affected person;
• number of people affected;
• likelihood of offline harm;
• cooperation with the review;
• whether a less restrictive measure is sufficient;
• freedom of expression and other fundamental rights.

A single severe violation may justify permanent account termination without a prior warning.

Temporary protective measures

Before completing a review, Opinyn may temporarily:

• hide or restrict content;
• disable comments;
• limit account functions;
• freeze suspicious voting activity;
• suspend an account;
• preserve relevant evidence;
• prevent deletion of evidence where legally justified.

Temporary measures do not necessarily represent a final decision.

Child-safety handling

Child-safety reports must receive special handling.

Where content may involve child sexual abuse, exploitation or grooming, Opinyn may:

• immediately disable access to the content;
• restrict or suspend the relevant account;
• preserve relevant account, technical and content records;
• restrict internal access to authorised personnel;
• avoid unnecessary downloading, copying or distribution;
• report the matter to competent authorities or authorised organisations where required or permitted;
• comply with lawful evidence-preservation requests;
• take steps to prevent repeated uploads.

Employees or moderators must not unnecessarily reproduce or distribute suspected child sexual abuse material.

The safety of the child takes priority over ordinary notice procedures where permitted by law.

Immediate threats and emergencies

If content indicates a credible and imminent threat to life or serious physical safety, Opinyn may:

• restrict access to the content;
• preserve relevant information;
• attempt to direct the user toward emergency resources;
• notify competent emergency services or authorities where legally permitted;
• disclose information reasonably necessary to address the emergency.

Opinyn is not an emergency service.

Users must contact the appropriate emergency services directly where immediate intervention is required.

Voting manipulation

Where Opinyn identifies suspected vote or engagement manipulation, it may:

• mark votes as invalid;
• remove artificial votes;
• recalculate percentages;
• correct Aura, ranks, badges and statistics;
• restrict suspicious accounts;
• investigate linked accounts, devices or technical indicators;
• suspend or terminate accounts;
• preserve evidence;
• notify affected users where appropriate.

Displayed voting results may change following the removal of invalid activity.

Communicating the report outcome

Where required by law and contact information is available, Opinyn will communicate its decision concerning an eligible illegal-content notice.

For ordinary reports, Opinyn may inform the reporter that:

• the report was reviewed;
• action was taken;
• no violation was found;
• more information is needed;
• the matter was resolved under another procedure.

To protect privacy, safety and platform security, Opinyn may not disclose:

• another user’s personal data;
• confidential investigation details;
• precise security methods;
• reports to authorities;
• information that could expose a reporter;
• information that could enable enforcement evasion.

Notice to the affected user

Where Opinyn removes content, restricts visibility, suspends an account or takes another significant moderation action, it will provide a statement of reasons where required by law.

The statement may include:

• identification of the affected content or account;
• the action taken;
• whether the action concerns illegal content or a Terms violation;
• the relevant rule or legal basis;
• the principal facts and circumstances;
• whether automated systems contributed materially to the decision;
• the territorial scope of the restriction where relevant;
• the duration of the restriction where relevant;
• available appeal or complaint options.

A statement of reasons may be limited or withheld where permitted by law, including where disclosure could:

• create a safety risk;
• expose a child or victim;
• compromise an investigation;
• facilitate circumvention;
• violate a legal obligation;
• reveal protected confidential information.

Appeal eligibility

A user may appeal an eligible decision involving:

• removal of content;
• restriction of content visibility;
• disabling of account features;
• suspension or termination;
• invalidation of votes or engagement;
• correction or removal of Aura, scores, ranks or statistics;
• rejection of a notice alleging illegal content;
• another decision for which applicable law provides an appeal right.

How to appeal

An appeal may be submitted through an in-app appeal function, a link in the decision notice or by emailing info@opinyn.com.

An appeal should include:

• the user’s account identifier or email;
• identification of the affected content;
• the original decision or case number;
• an explanation of why the decision is disputed;
• relevant context;
• supporting evidence.

Appeals should ordinarily be submitted within six months after the user is informed of the decision, unless a shorter or longer period is required by law.

Appeal review

Where reasonably possible, an appeal should be reviewed by a person who was not solely responsible for the original decision.

The appeal reviewer may consider:

• the original report;
• the reported content and context;
• the original decision;
• the user’s explanation;
• new evidence;
• consistency with comparable cases;
• the Community Guidelines;
• applicable law.

Appeals will be handled in a timely, diligent, non-discriminatory and non-arbitrary manner.

Appeal outcomes

An appeal may result in:

• confirmation of the original decision;
• reversal of the decision;
• restoration of content;
• restoration of account access;
• reduction or increase of a restriction where justified;
• correction of vote totals or statistics;
• restoration or correction of Aura, badges, ranks or scores;
• replacement of the original decision with another proportionate action;
• a request for additional information.

The appellant will be informed of the outcome where required and reasonably possible.

Out-of-court dispute settlement

Where the Digital Services Act applies, eligible users may have the right to select a certified out-of-court dispute-settlement body to resolve certain disputes relating to content-moderation decisions.

Information about available certified bodies is published by the European Commission or the relevant Digital Services Coordinator.

This does not affect the user’s right to seek judicial remedies.

Manifestly unfounded reports and appeals

Opinyn may issue warnings or temporarily restrict access to reporting or appeal mechanisms for users who frequently submit reports or appeals that are manifestly unfounded.

Before imposing such a restriction, Opinyn may consider:

• the number of unfounded submissions;
• their proportion compared with valid submissions;
• severity of misuse;
• intent;
• use of reports for harassment or retaliation;
• previous warnings.

Restrictions must be proportionate and applied carefully so they do not prevent genuine safety reports.

Repeat violators

Opinyn may warn, suspend or terminate users who frequently provide manifestly illegal content or repeatedly violate the Terms and Community Guidelines.

Relevant factors include:

• number of violations;
• proportion of violating content;
• severity;
• time between violations;
• actual or potential harm;
• attempts to evade enforcement;
• previous warnings or suspensions.

Human and automated moderation

Opinyn may use automated systems to:

• identify spam;
• detect suspicious voting;
• identify duplicate content;
• prioritise reports;
• detect potentially prohibited imagery or language;
• support enforcement;
• prevent repeat abuse.

Automated systems may produce errors and generally support rather than replace human assessment of significant or disputed decisions.

Where required by law, Opinyn will disclose when automated systems materially contributed to a moderation decision.

Moderator access and confidentiality

Only authorised persons should access moderation systems and reported content.

Moderators must:

• use information only for authorised purposes;
• protect reporter and user confidentiality;
• avoid conflicts of interest;
• document decisions;
• avoid unnecessary copying of sensitive content;
• apply the rules consistently;
• report internal misuse or unauthorised access.

Access to highly sensitive material should be limited to specifically authorised personnel.

Recordkeeping

Opinyn may retain moderation records including:

• report identifier;
• reporter identifier where available;
• reported account and content;
• reporting category;
• report description;
• date and time;
• priority;
• assigned moderator;
• evidence;
• internal notes;
• action taken;
• rule or legal basis;
• statement of reasons;
• communication history;
• appeal and outcome;
• authority requests;
• audit history.

Records will be retained in accordance with the Privacy Policy.

Transparency

Where required by applicable law, Opinyn will publish transparency information concerning content moderation.

This may include aggregated information about:

• reports received;
• illegal-content notices;
• moderation actions;
• account suspensions;
• appeals;
• automated moderation;
• orders received from authorities;
• average handling times;
• other legally required information.

Published transparency information will not unnecessarily identify individual users or reporters.

Cooperation with authorities

Opinyn may cooperate with courts, law enforcement, regulators and other competent authorities where required or permitted by law.

Requests for user information should be:

• legally valid;
• sufficiently specific;
• issued by a competent authority;
• submitted through an appropriate official channel.

Opinyn may reject or challenge invalid, excessive or unlawful requests where appropriate.

Privacy

Personal data processed through reports, moderation and appeals is handled according to the Opinyn Privacy Policy.

Reports and moderation records may contain sensitive information. They must not be used for unrelated purposes.

Changes to this policy

Opinyn may update this Policy to reflect:

• changes in law;
• new Service features;
• new reporting or moderation tools;
• emerging safety risks;
• operational improvements.

The latest version will be made available through the Service.

Contact

Reports should normally be submitted through Opinyn’s in-app reporting tools.

Questions, legal notices and appeals may be submitted to:

Jan Nik Jesenovec – Manumed s.p.

Kokošnje 13

1233 Dob

Slovenia

Email: info@opinyn.com

For immediate danger, contact the relevant emergency services or competent authorities.